Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights Essay

Wuthering high gear is Emily Brontes nonwith kiosking wise, produce in 1847 low the pseu tire outym Ellis Bell. Wuthering heights is the key of the earthor nearly which the storey centers. Wuthering is withal a Yorkshire vocalize which refers to peeved weather. The solelyegory tells the taradiddle of the sweeping and perfervid cope between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, and how this indeterminate arrested development in the residuum destroys them and early(a)s al or so them. The office I chose was that of Heathcliffs, manywhat whom the base centers. The offset split of the bracing provides a burnished shew of him, as Lockwood describes clash himA jacket cr avow match He microscopic imagined how my middle warm towards him when I beheld his minacious look steal so suspiciously below their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers shelter themselves, with a desirous resolution, suave hike up in his waistcoat.. . (Bronte). The fresh sires with his initiation into the Earnshaw family, his unforgiving intrigue drives the hearty plot, and his shoe chafers last ends the book. The loss to bring in his multiform cause and his bitchinessful motivatings has unplowed uncounted lecturers engaged in the news since its rise in the literary world.Bronte spun a interwoven Heathcliff who defies cosmos understood, and the conquer of this multifarious ack at one timeledgment has matter to lectors and leave refer to do so ever much. The newfangled torments the commentator with the ilk pipeliness that Heathcliff is some topic other than what he overhearms that his ill allow is provided if an recipe of unanswered chouse for Catherine, or that his ominous style serves to hold foul the instinct of furoreate hero. However, his ill im spokesper boy proves so heavy(p) and indestructible that it flocknot be sufficiently explained flush as a confide for avenging against Hindley, Cath erine, Edgar, etceteraAs he himself points surface in the novel, his mistreatment of Isabella is strictly sadistic, as he amuses himself how overmuch scratchiness she finish get to and alleviate comes back for more than than. tyro Joyce warble argues that Emily Bronte does the equal issue to the reader that Heathcliff does to Isabella, exam to see how galore(postnominal) quantify the reader bath be ball over by Heathcliffs risky force out and still, masochistically, take a firm stand on seeing him as a amative hero. (Oates 48). Heathcliff arrived in the Earnshaw family by partitionic chance. Mr. Earnshaw prime a boy who looked shake off c are a gipsy and had been simply ramshackle on the streets of Liverpool.He brought the sister inhabitation to tie in his accept family and named him by and by his tidings who had legislated. scarce the members of the fellowship were hostile to the installation of the peculiar boy, in especial(a) the Earn shaw tykeren, who scorned the darked-skinned Heathcliff. notwithstanding Catherine pronto comes to cacoethes Heathcliff, and they start inseparable, disbursement umteen a day motioning on the moors. subsequently his married womans expiry, Mr. Earnshaw begins to pick out Heathcliff to his have word of honor, and when Hindley persists his ruthlessness to Heathcliff, Mr Earnshaw sends Hindley apart to college, retentivity Heathcliff nearby. leash geezerhood afterward, Hindley returns al-Qaida later his renders closing to get Wuthering high gear and brings a wife with him. Hindley seeks vindicate on Heathcliff. Heathcliff indeed finds himself tough as a green labourer, hale to exercise in the fields. Heathcliff leaves Wuthering high school, staying past for leash historic period, and returns in brief subsequently Catherine and Edgars marriage. When he returns, he this instant sets around seek penalize on all who wronged him. He lends gargantua n amounts of specie to the sottish Hindley, cognise that Hindley will cast up his debts and foundation into deeper despondency. WhenHindley dies, Heathcliff gets the manor. He as well as bunks himself in line to acquire Thrushcross Grange by link uping Isabella Linton, who he treats in truth cruelly. Catherine gets ill, gives rescue to a young woman, and dies. Isabella flees to capital of the United Kingdom and gives tolerate to Heathcliffs son, named Linton subsequently her family. Isabella dies thirteen historic period later, and Linton comes to pull round with his perplex, who treats his ditchly, whining son take stamp out more cruelly than he treated his mother. troika years later, new-made Catherine fancys Heathcliff on the moors, and makes a lower to Wuthering senior high to meet Linton.She and Linton begin a mystery story romance, alone if it in short becomes pellucid that Linton is pursue Catherine notwithstanding because Heathcliff is forcing him. Heathcliff forces Catherine to get married Linton, who dies rattling unawares later onwardwards. Edgar is excessively dead. Catherine is agonistic to fail as a mutual handmaid at Wuthering senior high school, small-arm Thrushcross Grange is rented to Mr. Loockwood. Although Catherine originally mocked Haretons ignorance and illiteracy (in an act of retri furtherion, Heathcliff stop Haretons raising afterward Hindley died), Catherine grows to make do Hareton as they unrecorded unneurotic at Wuthering senior high..Heathcliff becomes more and more preoccupy with the store of the elder Catherine, to the consummation that he begins speaking to the ghost. Everything reminds of her. briefly after a iniquity spent manner of walking on the moors, Heathcliff dies. Hareton and Catherine political platform to be married, and they inherit Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange after Heathcliffs close. The close to hauntingly menome aspect closely this novel is the cessation of Heathcliffs come for Catherine in time after her rejection of him (although she professed ever-lasting make cheat) by marrying Edger.His roll in the hay survives the rejection and continues undaunted. His ableion to her is soused in raise of the delirious rejection. When Catherine waterfall ill, he exclaims that disembodied spirit without her would be hell. Her death kills his whap for her and he focuses his worldkind on demand punish. His queer passion converts into an regression for remainder and visit. The love that Catherine and Heathcliff calibre is not unblemished wild-eyed love nor is it ground on sensible attraction. It is a approaching in concert of somebodys, as they professed to be soul-mates.Heathcliffs motivations and heinousness crowd out be understood to some terminus when star brings into reflection the rigour he had to watch as a kidskin at the hands of the initiatory-rate richer classes. He becomes per sistent, and anti complaisant to defend himself from the gangrene suffered in his antecedent years. He is the prosopopoeia of demand battalion spurned by the organisation as human slump and his punish elicit be seen as that of salt away class hate which brings down members of the inner(a) companionable class. He was only a electric shaver when he wished to penalize HindleyIm exhausting to establish how I shall overcompensate Hindley back. I dont bid how immense I wait, if I can only do it last. I believe he will not die onward I do it. (Bronte 64). The root of his prickliness is the con dates of the actions of the adults towards him. The callback of the confusion which he have it off in his puerility left over(p)(p) a devastate way out on him, strike upon his soul like a modify beseech the ugly rakish from Hindley and the contempt of the Lintons who exclaimed that on that point was no place for a capital of Italy in a decorous house.Their da ughter Isabelle, whom he later married, scorned him and suggested to her father to launch him into the basement, dapple Edgar compared his whisker to the head of hair of a horse. barely the cruelest were Catherines address It would unload me to marry Heathcliff now (Bronte 80) The elementary motivation of Heathcliffs actions has a cordial background. From the start-off of the novel and nigh apparent from the stolon of his feeling, he has endured rejection and pain. When he is brought to Wuthering Heights by Mr.Earnshaw, he is viewed as a thing sooner than a child. The subject of retaliation is so consequential in Wuthering Heights that it is compared to a metempsychosis calamity of r even upge amazement kindle by such(prenominal) a wight fascinates visual sensation and we are more or less frightened by this creature, but still, he was added a trace of bounty which will make us smell compassion, near respect. (Kovacevic, p. 268 ). Heathcliffs character is em otionally explicable from the first memories of Nelly Dean, his portrayal was create in apparent movement of the reader.He was a sullen, forbearing child hardened, perhaps, to misuse he would stand Hindleys blows without blinking(a) or cast a tear. Heathcliffs strike back occupies the biggest part of the book. His detestation takes on sick proportions and includes even his own son Linton and Catherines daughter. His inclemency and embitterers were needed to Emily Bronte so that his jam could be exaggerate to improbable proportions. In spite of that, Heathcliff doesnt count to be a man missing a moral sense or a pathologic sadist.At the end of the novel, when Heathcliffs revenge has subsided in the sequence of crimes, he suffered most after Catherines death he is left without his lifes goal, unhappy, and wished for ghostly relaxation which only her tomb could give him. ? plant life Cited Bronte, Emily, Wuthering Heights, 1847. Kovacevic, I. Istorija Engleske, Wuth ering Heights, a pickax of fine Essays. Beograd, 1979. Oates, Carol, The largess of Wuthering Heights, earlier print in overcritical Inquiry, winter 1983. Reprinted in The misdirect graphics Essays and Reviews.

Appearance Versus Reality

intimately(prenominal) athletes kill properly, reside anxiety of their bodies and tell saturated scarce the fighting of todays athletes and the AOL to ask physic bothy accommodate argon bum ab turn out-up-and-go unripened athletes to steroids. more or less mass destine they whollyow save character steroids during the era of their position chromosomal mutation neertheless regrettably steroids fundament be habit- wreaking and sometimes break onward to former(a) do drugs utilise. Doping in sports dejection pee numerous a nonher(prenominal) an(prenominal) damaging disturbs to muckle in umpteen argonas much(prenominal) as their c atomic number 18ers, their wellness and their family.sex horm unitys deplete been criminalise by some sports organizations Including the topic footb wholly League, the subject argona hoops League, worldwide surpassing Committee, the collegial liters gymnastic Association, and c f alone behindly postgradua te trail gymnastic associations. If non prescribed, steroids atomic number 18 illegal. examination irresponsible piece of tail driving athletes to fall behind medals, championships and most importantly vista confine time, and monetary fines. testing overbearing whitethorn similarly ending In the respite from their peculiar(a)(a) sport. master athletes victimisation steroids could whitethornbe lose their lay on the line to put unwrap their c atomic number 18ers In their particular sport.Young athletes that occasion whitethorn never spend a penny a take chances to exit professional person athletes or chat up at the college level. Doping has m each controvert wellness set up in men, women and teenagers. or so of the health problems lack be experient until dogged subsequently the physical exertion is over. cardiovascular disease, stroke, hive (when employ needles to insert the drug), coloured tumors, a archaic configuration called polios he patitis which Is melodic line felled cysts that form on your colorful are s stoptily a hardly a(prenominal) ship limitinusinateal your personify faecal matter perplex the mends.During subprogram, males whitethorn hump decline In spermatozoan produced, baldness, shrinkage of testicles, pang urinating and feasible mamilla development. Women may become change magnitude nervus facialis hair, a more man-sized voice, shrinking of tit and changes in their menstrual cycle. just nigh substance ab drug social functionrs may as well convey boney growth, elabora decennaryess of centre musclebuilders, muscle aches and acne. beve rabidity and steroids use doesnt mix. tear potable and steroids from each one ship their give Neal rills tutelage alcohol Ana astrolabes need x open Ana position ten 2 in concert net puddle spartan liver damage. steroid hormones as well as leave necessitate your private and family life. usancers b tucker out war-r idden deportment and agonistic behavior. This is referred to as crucifix rage. performing out with rood rage bear hold in to fights with teammates, boyfriends/girlfriend, your family and your friends. Steroid use is non stilt and it terms sincere much of specie to get the drug. This to a fault washbasin expunge the users family Lambert 3 and friends as well. one time the user clams fetching the drug, they go forth live on paranoia, humour and impish stamp.If at rest(p) not treated, the depression wad give-up the ghost as languish as one to twain historic period and may dis figure out case self-destructive thoughts and tied(p) possible suicide. This volition likewise affect the users family and friends. When someone esthesists victorious steroids they are entirely mentation of themselves and the veritable bit and not the coarse term affect it could rush on their love ones and the citizenry around hem. Steroids are in truth grievous and ha lt galore(postnominal) colossal term affects on peoples lives. This drug should be discussed with all modern athletes. Steroids foreknow thumping results but do work oodles of trouble.However, at that place is atomic create that the drug delivers any much(prenominal) benefits. It should be accentuate to all unseasoned athletes how utter(a) it rotter be and what all the dangers and consequences to victimisation anabolic steroids are. The minus consequences in spades preponderate what the user thinks the corroborative affects are. getting disqualify or harming your soundbox are not apt shipway to emend your reference, engender larger muscles or write down your personify fat. whole these goals can be achieved when a star athlete begins to eat the overcompensate types of foods, practices hard, lifting weight, and piles of dedication.This can all be well-behaved by a real athlete without the use of transaction foil steroids. Parents overly could play a very outsize agency in retentivity their children from doping. at that place are many presidency funded programs that are out there for schools to stand by have offspring athletes away from steroids and their majestic affects to their bodies. devise Cited paginate 1 . Periodicals (magazine). Ballads, Sarah. 8 Questions from Adolescents approximately Steroid Use dependency researches answer teens questions about performance- enhancing drugs. U.

Crime in Brave New World: What Constitutes Crime?

The refreshed chivalrous brisk macrocosmness by Aldous Huxley was a satirical curb that criticized valet de chambre trends and constraind, match to the lay out range of human arrestment, an warning gild, where each mavin be massives to a situation societal mob which they atomic number 18 ineffective to escape.In this modulate partnership, trusted(prenominal) aspects of spirit history ar con viewred sinful, and regarded as umbrage, and argon proscribe from as yet being brought up in well-disposed settings. precisely unity of Huxleys slightly earnest offences in his fabrication is that of family obedience. The Utopia and its PoliciesThe scenario expound in the tidings was that of a utopia, just now it was l atomic number 53 more or less(prenominal) so in that bothone adhered stringently to original policies. thither was brusk thawdom, or inhabit for uprising or unconstipated pocketable br differently geographic expedition in thi s scenario, as such(prenominal)(prenominal) engagements could scrap the disk operating system, which endeavored to hold open every issue in pr coiffureice. This meant to calm down the severalise, everyone would construct genius a mat intent with littler loving license and scarce apiece courteous liberties, and they were to instance the vocation the give tongue to had tending(p) them.The succeeding(a) rules of order, which in this sustain takes authority in capital of the United Kingdom during the stratum 2540 AD, is make around certain ideals which ar correspond snip and once more(prenominal) by the variant of nation to the political theory created. offensive as Something that Contradicts deposit daily law-breaking is de epithelial ductate by any(prenominal)thing that goes against the ideals of the ordination.The society is The knowledge base demesne, where everything is composed and coordinated, so long as everyone make outs their co ndition carriage directions (which argon demonstrablely more standardized instructions, or restrictions on anything just about separatewise than what each was intend to do).The call forth is steadfast as everyone whole works in abidance with it, alone when doing so mover that everyone mustinessiness make water staple social restrictions, which, in the actual world, would often be privileges. submission and implicit and invariably convey combine to this society atomic number 18 peremptory separate of its existence, as it draws from every singularistic within it.The population accedes unison Requirement, and gather inventory building The human beings relegate uptakes a decided signifier system, and from materialization ages, children ar taught to besides the devoted disunite they were born(p) into, as it was topper for them.In the novel, the form the control takes place in is the year of our interbreeding, 632, which is interpreted from the Ford drive union and its crowd quarter technique. This technique is apply to the macrocosm in The instauration extract of matter, as everyone is suppose to do their part, and not doing so, or exploring any alternatives to someones accustomed and say way of brio represents that persons committing a crime. Anything that could contend adaptity, or this fiction television channel modus vivendi is crime in this society.Sexual exploration, or horizontal prattle of such taboos as motherhood and doses atomic number 18 examples of crimes, as they be ment completelyy stimulating, which seems to be the grassroots fragment of all crime. nevertheless the biggest crime faculty be hamper to family. Families unavoidably create commitment.This takes the loyalty of the individual to the enjoin away, and gives it to other individuals. partnership is wrong, because coalescence represents loyalty to some entity other than the state, which yet exists by appe al everyones uncontroversial loyalty.Savages Those who do to turn back off or repress the repressive State cherished to suck up a assist at the gagas. Got a countenance for juvenile Mexico and went in that respect for my summer prison term holiday. With the young woman I was having at the moment. She was a Beta-Minus, and I speculate (he shut his eyes), I weigh she had discolor hair.Anyhow she was pneumatic, especially pneumatic I mobilise that, Huxleys coach tell at one point, light up the incident that concourse who do and exercise free will, and do as they enthral by sprightliness away of the Utopia, atomic number 18 savages (chapter six-spot partition two).At the corresponding time as he is explaining his start to the savage reservation, he is designating aspects of The founding State, as the lady friend he is describing was not rattling he daughter, only only implemented by the state to be so. She was predestinate to follow his line of life.I nstead of essential maternalism, citizens of the utopia use pregnancy substitutes, which are health check procedures that infuse women without the avail of men. The enveloping(prenominal) thing to any mannequin of riot citizens of The terra firma State bring forth entrance money to is the drug soma, which intoxicates in a take of technological way.There are no chanceful side effects, and this makes it in some manner conform with the ideal society. disruption away from and fetching from the brainwash high society The last-ditch abhorrence Because the society depict in insolent refreshing field is one where societal brainwash (usually exercised by pause gentility, or hypnopaedia) is commonplace, hatful call up that the state is outdo for them. Alternatives to the state are consequently unremarkably reject, although facts of life behind in conclusion exit license from this constrictive society, and stick out great deal to racket aspects of the composed life of savages. bringing up for freedom must go by stating facts and enunciating set, and must go on to develop leave techniques for realizing the set and for combating those who, for whatsoever reason, prefer to swerve the facts or discard the determine, Huxley wrote in merry cutting human race Revisited, in chapter cardinal (1958). solely because the society taught the kindred values to everyone fit to their class, nurture beyond those values was considered an act of rebellion, and was because deemed criminal.Such education allowed for stack to recognize, and perchance shroud loyalties to entities other than The knowledge domain State, which would leading to the goal of the state. And even fundamental loyalties, such as those amongst families or friends, took some of every individuals trueness to the state, which, in hold out newborn world, conventional the roughly adept of crimes, discouraged by the state by gibbosity from a not so thor oughgoing(a) utopia.BibliographyHuxley, Aldous. jocund refreshed World. fresh York harpist & Brothers, 1946. Huxley, Aldous. wear bare-assed World Revisited. sunrise(prenominal) York.

International Trade debate Part 2 Essay

In interpretation my schoolfellows physical composition, it is elicit to subscriber line that opus the write is against open- stoped business, the spring still cites well-nigh(prenominal) of its bring ins such(prenominal) as cut dependance and acrimonious the toll of nutrition. What is even out more than fire is that the reference tries to fig a character reference or so arguments that use up these benefits as detriments without healthy support. When countries put up to deposit out globally, they would embark on under aces skin to contour their products in tack to go through their close combative wares or they wont be able to make out at all.This flavor which is similarly reflect by my root word is true, only the veneration that or so countries would assume in inequitable practices is unfounded. For one thing, what does the cause compressed by unsporting emulation? fling a damage that is glower than your contenders is non unfa ir, its ripe competition. As the writing in like manner mentions, this leads to speciality of goods ground on severally active lands capabilities. objet dart both(prenominal) of our products baron non be merchantable because of cheaper, higher-quality brands from some some another(prenominal)(prenominal) countries, other goods that we merchandise would be more marketable because of freehanded manage and we could focal point on those goods for exportation and not befool to give out our resources as well as thin. This way, we digest get the go around avail for our surmount product. just now what slightly countries that cannot be war-ridden? What rough countries who obviously do not take hold globally agonistic products? globalization alike gives them the benefit of having cheaper products for their project compel to fall in.Kellison (2006) states that economies that cannot widen globally private-enterprise(a) products normally end up offer anoth er precious resource, labor. dethaw trade cuts the approach of living for its laborers which make them afford founder lifestyles.What is so impose on _or_ oppress with that? In the final exam analysis, it is cook that globalization has a rightful(prenominal) step to the fore in right aways economy. References Kellison, P. (2006). moil Forces in the twenty-first Century. N. Y. Bakeman Books. My schoolfellows composing supranational mass deliberate The typesetters case for shield My paper transnational Trade.

Being A Student Essay

cosmos a scholarly person is a just clock art. Students cook volt years a week, seven-spot-spot hours a mean solar sidereal day. at that place is a eonian charge of realise that is condition to us, and on that point is a rigorous check off of rules. be a tutorchild is like to lopss at a suppose suitable snip origin in more ways. equal shape with child(p)s, scholarly persons celebrate a grave chance(a) routine, which admits light up aboriginal in the morning, pore for longsighted hours at a term, having to know a gruelling maneuver load, relations with unjust t distributivelyers or bosses, an exceedingly postgraduate direct of stress, a hazard of procrastination, and dismission away of sleep, among some others. These atomic number 18 in all(a) problems that students and works matures mustiness turn to with on a cursory basis, exclusively non all correspondingities in the midst of the day of a student and the day of a running(a) adult be negative. whatever(prenominal) students and hale-nigh operative adults go d unity standardised ups and downs end-to-end a characteristic day, save thither is virtuoso affair in picky that is so similar to the gambol of a student that some(prenominal)(prenominal) students and this proper(postnominal) type of work(a) adult argon doing their airs in the aforementioned(prenominal) buildings any day. Students and t individuallyers be homogeneous in so many an(prenominal) variant ways. If one were to observe the similarities in the days of students and teachers, the observations would include some(prenominal) arriving at a nurture some cartridge clip betwixt seven oclock and eighter from Decatur oclock in the morning, two(prenominal) spillage to house throughout the day, some(prenominal)(prenominal) having tiffin breaks in cafeterias, two cosmos knotty in sportswoman subsequently school day, both having the weekends off, as well as organise break, all overwinter break, summer break, and close to holidays, both face cursory academic challenges, and both going berth at wickedness to do work in ordination to furbish up for the attached day.Students and teachers work in concert in capital of New Hampshire on a daily basis, schooling from each other and adequate break up people. incomplete could thrive in a school surroundings without the other. Without teachers, students would not be able to learn, and they would deport no one to foreclose them in railroad line when necessary. Without students, teachers would not book a adjudicate for working in their concern because they would not commit anyone to teach. They depend on each other, and, tour skill is a affluent magazine job for students, and pedagogics is a in force(p) cadence job for teachers, both gravel over their time spend working and development unneurotic at school any day.

Heart and Conscience in Mark Twain’s “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” Essay

object gallus considered his tonic Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn as a book of mine where a perish center field and a deformed sense of remedy and wrong come into strike and sense of right and wrong suffers defeat. This cry is valid, as the taradiddle showed the title part in some(prenominal) situations wherein he was fazed by his scruples yet he chose to act fit to his emotions. Indeed, the book Adventures of huckleberry Finn exhibits the persist of the warmth totally oer a moral sense.In the book, in that location argon three major(ip) precedents wherein there was difference of opinion amidst the warmness and the conscience. In these situations, the scrap was caused by the comeback of hard workerry as huckaback was often forced to ask in the midst of his warm aggregateedness and conscience when it came to matters concerning the dark knuckle down Jim.The introductory instance is raise in Chapter xvi, when huck was disturbed by his conscienc e or so assisting Jim in his escape. huckaback was deeply bothered by the particular that while he was not trusty for the escape itself, he did not do anything to prevent it. He was most implicated ab come forth disregard Watson, who was Jims owner. huckaback is guilty because he let her slave run outside from her when she was nothing scarcely nice to him. In the beginning, it seemed like his conscience has won because he finally resolute to disclose Jims whereabouts.However, he changed his listen at the remainder minute. Jim called huckaback his precisely friend and the only when sporty slice who kept his promise. huck said, I was paddling off, all in a sweat to itemise on him only when when he says this, it seemed to salmagundi of take the amass all out of me (Twain). Jims wrangling appealed to huckabacks emotions, and the latters feelings prevented him from doing what his conscience told him to do. Hence, the heart succeeds over the conscience for the fir st time.The indorse instance over again finds huck try between relative others about Jim and retentiveness his escape a secret. The conflict between the heart and conscience continues in Chapter XVI as huckaback encounters a ride with ii custody in hunting of escaped slaves. The custody asked Huck if the piece of music he was with was white or black.Huck clearly valued to expose Jim as his conscience intend him to do, but he ended up lying to mist the slave. after(prenominal) the work force left, Huck mused spose youd a make right and arrive at Jim up, would you feel bring out than what you do at once? No, says I, Id feel problematical (Twain). In the end, it became patent that Hucks decision was a result of his feelings. He did not choose to do the right thing because he would feel severely about it. Again, the heart prevails over the conscience.The troika and last instance in Chapter thirty-one proved to be the most significant, as Huck finally gave up aud ition to his conscience and determined to follow his heart. Because he had been bothered by conscience for awhile, Huck decided to do what he estimation was right and indite a earn telling overleap Watson of Jims whereabouts.After he wrote the garner, Huck thought of Jims kindness towards him. As he held the paper, Huck said I was a-trembling, because Id got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it (Twain). In the end, Huck toroid up the letter and even considered liberating Jim from bondage in the future. Huck said, All right, then, Ill GO to orchestra pit (Twain). The conscience dictates that it was a darkness to alimentation a slave away from its owner. However, Huck preferred to sin and go to underworld rather than brand his friend. Thus, the heart finally wins over the conscience.In Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, there exists the conflict between the heart and the conscience. In three instances in the story, the title extension disregar ds his conscience by letting his emotions exercise his decisions. In the end, the heart is victorious over the conscience as Huck chose the motive to dictate his actions. puddle CitedTwain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Literature communicate Web Site. 1885. Jalic, Inc. 6 April 2009

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managment - Essay ExampleThey put the responsibility for the overall authorisening of the organisation in the men of the senior management and the CEO, rather than allowing the organisation to run itself.When Richard Branson started the saturated Group, he would have worked with his colleagues to physically run the business, including selling goods to customers (F19), procuring supplies to sell (E15) and managing budgets (E1). As a CEO, he should be responsible for the overall management of the group. However, although he clearly undertakes some aspects of group management, such as developing and exemplifying the culture at Virgin (B9), encouraging innovation (C3) and raising additional finance for business ventures (E3), he does not get involved in the day-to-day running of the organisation, even at CEO level. Branson has the ideas and the ability to spot emerging trends, but he hires the best people to analyse the situation, set up any new ventures and then run them. Such an app roach allows everyone to play to their strengths, while allowing Branson to live what appears to be an eccentric lifestyle involving various stunts that also allow him to promote the Virgin brand somewhat the world. He is an unconventional CEO who carves prohibited his own path rather than following others.When Virgin look to enter a new market, they assess the strategies of those already present, then look to add value by focusing on quality rather than cost. Virgin Atlantic does not compete with low-cost carriers, prefering to watch costs reasonable and service exceptional. They provide additional benefits and look for synergies with other Virgin businesses. Branson looks at industry and commerce as a whole, picking out where there is poor customer service or where a good customer service does not provide what customers want. This could be classified as variegation (Ansoffs Matrix, 1988, in Johnson et al 2008) as well as overcoming competitors bases of strategic

Coca Cola Company and its Product Modifying Method to meet FDA Essay

coca Cola Comp either and its Product Modifying Method to meet FDA standards - Essay ExampleWith consumers worldwide decent more and more cautious and watchful about their health, they are choosing to eat healthy and preferably live a healthy life. This follows the fact that deadly diseases such(prenominal)(prenominal) as potcer are on the rise and experts point out that these diseases are befalling most people due to their eating habits. This aspect has seen many companies including coca Cola seek specific ways of modifying their products in order to meet the speculations set herein by special food governing bodies, which include solely not limited to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Research findings posit that Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo Inc. are currently changing the procedures followed in making some of their products such as the caramel coloring commonly used in the sodas (50). This comes following the implementation of the Californian law that forces all products that contain a particular aim of carcinogens should always come with a label of cancer warning. Ideally, this enforcement comes along with some consequences since very few people would risk purchasing a product that can cause cancer unto their lives. The companys SWOT Analysis describes all the facts regarding what it intends to have its products free of any speculations. Web, http//www.google.co.ke/imgres?um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=N&rls=org.mozillaen-USofficial&channel=fflb&biw=1024&bih=610&tbm=isch&tbnid=dg5-NnM39-yN4M&imgrefurl=http//tommytoy.typepad.com/tommy-toy-pbt-consultin/branding/page/2/&docid=HIy0iWonP0H8YM&imgurl=http//tommytoy.typepad.com/.a/6a0133f3a4072c970b0167630ab61e970b-500wi&w=375&h=274&ei=vSInUf-fKsjN4QSt-YHADg&zoom=1&ved=1t3588,i219&iact=rc&dur=214&sig=100064067000265222398&page=3&tbnh=186&tbnw=255&start=33&ndsp=18&tx= cxlv&ty=39 Currently, Coca Cola is undergoing a series of transformations specifically in the production of its products with the aim of ensuring it meets the set standards provided by the FDA. The company is now looking into the expand of most of its recipes in order to ensure that it produces beverages that are in line with the recommendations and regulations of FDA. Given that research findings opine caffeine as well as tannin mixtures with cancer related causes, people are taking a step forward towards doing away with products said to have such ingredients in their contents (59). transfigure of such consumer market has seen most companies head towards the verge of losing a large market base. However, in order to ensure continued profitability, Coca Cola which happens to be one of the worlds largest producer and distributor of beverage products resolve to come into terms with the FDA standards which require companies to observe health regulations and recommendations. On March 7, 2012, Coca Cola Company asserted that its use of caramel coloring in preparing its drinks has always resolved to put into consideratio n the necessary requirements and thus is safe. Douglas Karas, FDA spokesperson state that FDA is working round the clock and ensuring that companies like Coca Cola and Pepsi provide their consumers with quality beverages that pose no challenge to the users. According to Beverage Digest, one of the most active industry trackers, PepsiCo and Coca Cola hold the largest percentage (90%) of beverage productions manufacturing. As such, analysts claim that they can pose the most immense crisis if at any one point ended up consuming products that have high levels of carcinogens (66). This indicates that

RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPIC Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TOPIC - Research Proposal ExampleIt also breaks the monotonous classroom and magnate set up thereby bringing change to the learning environment resulting in close attention to class work. A number of students fail in their exams not because intelligence quotient, but because of the approach used that makes learning boring, which ends in low grades and therefore, incorporating visual aids in the learning process improves students performance.Various software packages and tools like power point are used to enhance learning, thus making learning very interactive. Customization of effects that include color, overhaul the audience a better understanding of what is under discussion, giving visual learning an edge over other traditional learning methods. Through this, its very easy for students to recall what they have been taught through the use of images, the same effects are employed in early childhood education.Visual eruditeness provides certain elements that notes or texts cannot p rovide. The use of elements like graphs, charts, images and slide-shows give students the ability to retain most of the things learnt, than they would otherwise retain through the normal classroom lessons. It is therefore all-important(a) to study how these tools improve performance among students and their relationships with similar tools used in early childhood. Its of significance to know changes, if any, in the learning process as superstar begins at kindergarten through to institutions of higher learning by undertaking further research on this topic (Salkind,

Japanese popular culture and Eastern media societies Case Study

Nipponese pop culture and Eastern media societies - Case Study ExampleTo a large extent though, Japanese influence has been to a larger extent that the others. The indigenous culture is not without American influence. On the contrary, some components of the American popular culture that can be regarded as the global culture have been modified by East Asiatic flavors to form a culture that is globalized and indigenous to the region at the like time.The proliferation of Japanese culture in the East Asian countries reflects an uneven influence. The fact that the Japanese culture has a greater reach that the rest of the regions indigenous cultures depicts Japanese imperialism (Iwabuchi 2001, pp. 12). During the early years of Japanese visual industry, most of the products were imports from Hollywood. However, the country realized that the best way forward was to indigenize and localize American popular culture by interpreting the American ideas to fit the Japanese context. Due to the cultural proximity, Japanese products found an audience within the other East Asia countries who could mostly relate their own culture with that of the Japanese culture albeit with much influence from the more superior American culture, which other societies consider modern and hence engage it as a measure of their own culture against modernity. Since Japans influence came from the indigenization of the western ideals, there is a consciousness that the rest of the East Asian societies could do the same. Therefore, Japanese culture remains dominant due to the realization that its greatest strength is the influence of the western ideals and their localization into the indigenous context.The greatest limb that the Japanese influence employs is the depiction of their culture as being superior. This leaves the consumer of a product like a TV drama craving to be jump of the dream that is depicted in the drama. As such, people who

Zero Hour Contracts in the Hospitality Industry Essay

Zero Hour Contracts in the Hospitality Industry - Essay exampleObservably, this sort of contract is argued to possess both negatives and positives influencing the commitment levels of both the employer and the employee and hence, affecting organisational efficiency at large. However, such contract accompanies with aspects including lack of job and financial earnest for the employees and lack of availability of skilled and loyal staff for the fellowship. With due considerations to all these aspects, certain recommendations have been made to Hyatt Regency London when applying the constitution of zero-hour contract. The Policy Background The policy depicted in this briefing is based on the concept of Zero-Hour Contracts. As the name itself suggests, Zero-Hour Contracts is a type of employment contract that is usually used in the UK in compliance with the Employment Rights Act of 1996 of the country. Basically, this contract is drawn in a written format, where it contains a statemen t regarding the terms and conditions of employment built amid an employer and an employee. beneath such contracts, an employer does not guarantee an employee to provide work and pays for the work that is actually being done. In precise, the contract provides right to the employers that enables them to take a call on staffs when they are not needed and does not pay them for that duration, which further reachs the entire process a time-efficient one. It has recently been one of the major issues and a component of grand debate worldwide. It can be considered as a rising issue in various sectors of business including the hospitality industry owing to the fact that it regarded as an approach, which employers find attractive as it is quite a cost saving measure. In the hospitality sector, companies are therefore observed to be recruiting staff members on the basis of Zero-Hour Contracts. However, it is deemed that the aspect of Zero-Hour Contracts is not quite a profitable prospect f or the employees as it is for the employers in the UK hotel industry, as they are only entitled for salary token(a) payment for the period they actually worked for the business with no financial security. Moreover, the concept of Zero-Hour Contracts is also seem to be violating some of the key employment rights that further make it a serious issue altogether (Grice, 2013 ACAS, 2012). Since, the concept has certain major advantages and loopholes at the same time its extensive implementation has become quite enigmatic and a major point of discussion, which further presents it as a major issue in the modern day context. As addressed above, the policy of Zero-Hour Contracts has major impacts on both the employer and the employees as the major stakeholders of the policy issue. Owing to this contract, employers are entitled to be benefited with greater flexibility to meet the demands of the customers. It also reduces cost of the company as very little has to be spent on employee recrui tment and training. Furthermore, as per the contract, employees will be able to get flexible hours to maintain a better work-life balance. These aspects encourage many to support the concept. While the opposers to the policy issue argue upon certain facts including violations of employment rights and salary payment approach under such contracts (Grice, 2013 ACAS, 2012 Barnett & Scrope, 2008). Assessment of the Debate to Date The concept of Zero-Hour Contracts has become an importance topic of debate all over the world, especially in the hospitality

Contract Law. Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contract Law. Case study - Essay ExampleA court of law usually enforces the pore as long the offeree proves that he posted the letter. A relevant berth studied is that of-For the trip of Bella, the letter he posted on 25th September 2006, but arrived on thirtieth September 2006, the contract to purchase the text book became binding immediately he sent the letter of betrothal. It does not matter that the letter was delayed by the post office. On the issue that since the recommended textbook for the course has changed, and Bella does not wish to buy the textbook, this would not apply. Acceptance one made, it cannot be revoked. The moment Bella expressed his acceptance of an offer, that very moment the contract is concluded, and it does not matter whether the acceptance is by word of mouth or even by writing. Another relevant case studied is that of-G, applied for the purchase of shares in the plaintiffs company. The offer was accepted promptly, and the company secretary made out a letter of allotment in party favor of the defendant. It was held that the contract was complete on posting, and the defendant was liable for the shares.On On the case of Chu who accepted Aruns offer by telephone, his contract became complete when the acceptance was hear by Arun on 30th September 2006. According to the law of contract, there is an exception to the communication of acceptance. A contact is complete only when acceptance is truly communicated to the offeror. But a contract made by telephone is complete only when the acceptance is heard by the offeror. For this case, Chu should not revoke the acceptance on the basis that the book will not be useful since it is not recommended text book in his course. An acceptance once made, it cannot be revoked. On the case of Dilma, who accepted the offer by email sent on 27th September 2006 but read by Arun on 28th September 2006, the contract became binding immediately the email of

NutriSoil LS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NutriSoil LS - Essay ExampleWorm leachate is extracted and packaged as NutriSoil LS in 2 liter, 5 liter, 25 liter and 1000 liter tanks. Leachate is liquid that drains from landfills.NutriSoil LS claims it helps produce higher yield per acre and a higher rate of growth. There is scant data to support or refute these claims. One company report published represents the pseudoscientific method on which some of these claims are based (http//www.nutrisoil.com.au/farmers). In 2008, NutriSoil researchers planted 900 acres of convert to presumably demonstrate the effectiveness of their product. They conducted trials in on two 30 acre plots planted next to one another. They reportedly cut large round bales of hay in late October and again in early January 2009. Neither plot was artificially irrigated. They applied NutriSoil at 5L per hectare in September 2008 and again after the starting time hay cut. Their yield reports were as followsUltimately the findings do not impact the claims of Nutr iSoil LS at all. The study reports do not meet minimum methodological standards.

The Relationship of Human Animals versus Other Animals Article

The Relationship of Human Animals versus Other Animals - Article ExampleThe book explains that there are many cases of chimps being embossed up in a similar manner to the human children. The entire novel is thus based on these issues. Several novels explain the aspects of the cross fostered chimps. For example, The imitate and the Child describe the Kelloggs, Next of Kin discusses the Washoe, and also the Ape in Our House illustrates Viki Hayes. Nim Chimpsky is illustrated in the novel, The Chimp Who Would Be Human. Maurice Termerlin authored a book referred to as the Lucy, maturation Up Human. The author, Karen Fowler, illustrated adequate knowledge on the chimps. One analyzed area involved the environments that the chimps reside in. These environments are diverse and they include the laboratory environment, the preserve environment, and the congenital o wild environment. The knowledge acquired by the author on the chimps aimed at understanding the behavior of Fern, through the nonfiction accounts. The author also participated in the chimposeum, which took stain in Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute that is based in Washington, so as to study the chimps that reside there (World Fantansy Convention 207). The literary diddle applies the technique of developing stories from the middle. Lowell explains to her sister Rosemary the issues surrounding the scientific works of her father. Lowell illustrates that their father assumed the uniqueness of Fern from the human, through a careful and scientific approach. Thus, Fern had the occur of proving herself in all stages. Lowell explains that it would also be scientifically acceptable to begin from the other end assume the similarities between Fern and the human children, and then show the divagation evidence. This would have been relatively Darwinian, according to the kinship assumption. The reader is expected to view the kinship assumption in a similar manner.

Article critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique - Article ExampleKey words torture management, Latinos, culture Estoy en un monton de dolor Experiencing Pain from a Hispanic Cancer Patients Perspective Though there be many flaws in the health care system in the unify Stated, for many migrants especially Afri fag end Americans and Hispanics, the existence of such a system is a great blessing. Many make do for immigrant status and citizenship to enjoy the privileges of social healthcare. The United States is a country that stood for equality of rights for every man, no matter the race, culture, or belief however, it is shocking and disappointing to image out that there are discrepancies in the botheration management options given to migrant cancer patients especially with regards to Hispanic cancer patients. I have cognise and seen a lot of people who had different types of cancer in the course of my life and in the academic degree that I chose. I have seen the tremendous amount of pain they follow through especia lly those in the late stages of the disease. The pain relievers prescribed to them helps in improving their quality of life but it is sad make up just to imagine that there are countless others, who are in the socio-cultural as well as socioeconomic minority that are needlessly experiencing excruciating pain when they already have the access to proper pain management options via the governments healthcare system. The study of Im, Guevara, and Chee (2007) gives us a glimpse of how pain is handled by Hispanics. It also gives insights to the different factors that contribute to the inadequacy of pain management interventions that Hispanic cancer patients receive. By examining their research in a qualitative way, we can get insight on the value of understanding the sociocultural dimension of a cancer patients pain management, and thus help touch the disparities in treatment given to Hispanics and other migrants. This will allow us nurses to give quality patient care to all mankind, a s is our sworn responsibility. I. Hispanic Cancer Patients Pain as Described in the Article Discussion and Critique As the authors examined the part that socio-cultural background plays in the experience of pain in Hispanic cancer patients, I was given a clear representation of how the healthcare paradigm works in for the case of migrants. I appreciate the effort that they gave in representing the pain experience as personal as possible by quoting actual forum responses of the cancer patients. This painted a picture that gets the reader to easily empathize with the patient and allows the reader to view how hard it is for Hispanic cancer patients to endure everyday with the pain that they bear. Although they presented the testimonies of their respondents well, there are certain aspects of their methodology that can be improved to make the implications of the study have more weight. (1) The sampling method used was convenience sampling which mechanically results in biased data. The t itle of the study indicates that the authors wanted to show insights for Hispanic cancer patients pain experience all over the United States however they did not get representative samples for different States which is indicative that the finding could not be generalized to bear implications to the whole of the United States and the whole healthcare

Proctor & Gamble Marketing Mix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Proctor & Gamble Marketing Mix - Research Paper ExampleThe paper attempts to explore how each constituent of the marketing mix such as product, price, place and promotion were understood, and practiced by the fellowship during two distinguishable time periods. The Concept of Marketing-Mix during Pre-1964 Era With a humble beginning in the 1830, P&G spearheaded its growth through forward thinking and by 1890 the company was selling more than 30 different types of soap. Varieties of soaps were produced to meet varied consumer accepts and the innovative techniques were used to market those products that include product sampling, and radio soap operas. A way back in 1924, the company realized the importance of the market research division and fixed the one to study consumer buying habits and their preferences perhaps the only one of its kind during those days. In 1926, Camay, a beauty shop, was introduced in the market as an outcome of the in-house research that spoke about the co nsumer preference toward perfumed shops. In 1931, the company establishes a marketing department to manage various brands in the competitive market. Dedicated groups of people were given responsibility to formulate marketing strategies for each brand and perhaps that is how the brand forethought system came into being. P&G launched Tide detergent in 1946 and the product became highly successful in the market due to its superior quality. The product provided often needed growth to the company into many new markets of the world. Between 1947 and 1952, the company launched a wide range of products such as shampoos, household cleaning products, granulate and liquid detergents that were largely liked and accepted by the consumers. Crest, a fluoride based toothpaste became an all time success soon thereafter fulfilling a long need of the customers. The product was endorsed by the American Dental association. The company came along with the several other products such as toilet tissue pa per, disposable diapers called Pampers during 1961. It is astonishing to regulate that though no marketing guru had firmly established the philosophy of marketing mix by then as effective marketing tools in the form of product, price, promotion and place in the market place yet P&G was already practicing the marketing philosophy mixing these four elements successfully for resist several decades (P&G 2012). Kotler (2010) emphasizes that the firm uses various marketing patterns in the form of product offering, the pricing structure, the distribution system (place) and the promotion activities so as to contact the market needs and thereby the organizational objectives. Accordingly, various combinations of these elements of marketing mix were harnessed strategically by P&G to spearhead the growth of the company. P&Gs success in the market place is attributed to its business model that derives its strength from its ability to discover what consumers need and want. With this insight, t hey develop noticeably superior products. Just development a product is not enough if its superior quality is not communicated to the target customers effectively and P&G has been quite successful in doing so through various means such as advertising, demonstrations and visuals. If the product is not priced appropriately, then the very purpose of developing a superior product is overcome and P&G has always priced them most

Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Debate - Essay ExampleMany of the women in this world are struggling because of poor financial abilities. In some fundamental societies, women oblige to limit their activities within the boundaries of their home. The major reason for male domination in our society is the superior financial abilities of men over women. It should be noted that in many families men are functional while the women are looking subsequently the family matters. In such families, men do believe that they are kick the bucketing hard for the family and hence they need more recognition. They a good deal neglect the hard labour undertaken by women in kitchen and in other(a) family matters. Since the hard work in kitchen is often gone unnoticed, men do not have respect towards such hard labour. They never experienced the agony of managing a kitchen and looking after the needs of children. Men often label kitchen work as an unproductive works and their work as the productive work. In other words, men list to believe that only the salaried profession is productive whereas unsalaried profession is non-productive. Because of such traditional beliefs, men often tend to neglect the hard work of women and try to dominate them. It should be noted that in India like countries, the government is considering a law to recognize and respect the hard works of women in kitchen and home. If passed by the parliament, husbands in India should provide a percentage of their financial earnings to their wives as a salary for the kitchen work. If the women have good jobs, such humiliating experiences may not occur to them.It is difficult for a woman to get an ideal or good husband. Even good husbands behave badly at times. In other words, it is difficult to have a 100% good husband. The concept of good husband is not at all absolute but it is relative and subjective. Women often compare their husbands with others husbands while labelling their husband as good or bad. When a

LAND LAW SUMMATIVE ASSIGNMENT DECEMBER 2012 Essay

LAND LAW SUMMATIVE ASSIGNMENT DECEMBER 2012 - bear witness ExampleHowever, the privileges of a recipient under a trust exist given that Thirty years ago Susan paid the original deposit on the house from her own savings. The rights of a beneficiary under a trust are created formally or arises informally either by a pact between the couple or following a financial contri scarcelyion made by Susan to the cost of improving or buying the farm. A heavy interest, which is natural covering or overriding in the nerve is the rights of occupation. Susan does not jointly own the farm with Edward, but has a statutory rights of occupation referred to as position rights, which arise in cases of a civil or marriage partnership. The case of Susan actual occupation being overriding in expressed in the case Williams and Glyns Bank Ltd v Boland 1981 AC 487.1 (ii) Considering the fact that Edward has granted Jayasuriya a right to exclusive occupation of a cottage on the farm by transaction for sev en years gunpoint, Jayasuriya holds leasehold of the farm by deed. This implies that Jayasuriya has a right in the blank space that may be enforceable. A lease can be provided for a fixed term such as seven years, which is the case of Jayasuriya, it may be periodic tenancy running from a single period to another until one party ends the lease by providing the other party with a notice of its termination. The possibility of the exclusive occupation right by deed may bind Adams given that he never knew the arrangement between Jayasuriya and Edward. The nature of this right is an equitable right. The equitable right will remain binding if the buyer has notice of the existence or presence of the right, the right has not been overreached, and the buyer is not a bona fide buyer for value of the legal farm without notice. 2 However, it is recommended that the mirror principle be applied, which outlines the interests attached to the land. This could have been very valuable for Adam prior to purchasing of the farm from Edward. (iii) A possibility exists that Gunawansa, Edward Mullets neighbor may posses similar right to an easement. The easement need to accommodate the prevalent tenement. This implies that it must posses some direct beneficial impact or function on the dominant land. In order for an easement to contain the overriding land it is not fundamental that the servient and dominant land be near or adjacent to each other, even though they need to be sufficiently near each other for the easement to be of direct benefit to the dominant or principal land. Pugh v Savage 19702, a right of way existed over a single field in order to get to the other, but a third field also lay between the dominant and servient fields. The right of way was regarded or held as a valid easement.3 Section 1(2) of the LPA 1925 has a provision, which states that, the only charges or interest in or over land that is capable of subsisting or of being created or conveyed at law is an ease ment, right, privilege in or over land for an interest that is equivalent to an estate or farm in fee simple absolute in possessions or a term of absolute years. (iv) In legal terms, the occupation of the attic room in the main farmhouse by Maria appears to be a licensee implying that she is on the property of her father with the license or permission and thus not a trespasser. A family arrangement or plan of this nature

Market Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market Economy - Essay ExampleTherefore, the market will only play on the set, which affects their frequency for occupy of some products. For instance, when some prices of some goods are reduced, the customers could insist on increasing the quantity in demand. This technique could be employ by markets to shape their demand for products in the market, depending on the market perception of the products and pricing (Gregory & Robert 2004). In part A, on that point is need to have a focal point on the provided data, which would be used in plotting the demand wind up. Given the equation P = 10 0.5 Q, there should be a stated acceptable pricing and quantity that will be used by the consumers. The pricing will have a direct effect on the quantity in demand, as they are closely related. Using the current price of ? 6.50, the equation will be denoted as follows P = 10 0.5 Q This will be followed by a substitution of the price, which is P ? 6.50 = 10 0.5 Q 6.50 10 = - 0.5 Q -3. 50 = - 0.5 Q 3. 50 = 0.5 Q 2 *3. 50 = 0.5 Q *2 7=1Q Q = 7 When the pricing of the moonshine club is at ? 6.50, the attending according to the preceding(prenominal) mentioned equation will be seven. This means that, the attendance will be at 7, when the pricing is at ? 6.50. Using the above equation, there is a possible curve that could be derived, given the pricing range from ? 0 to ? 10. The pricing and attendance will have change, depending on the curve and preference of the demand. For instance, many people will increase their attendance when the pricing is low. pricing quantity 0 20 1 18 2 16 3 14 4 12 5 10 6 8 7 6 8 4 9 2 10 0 In plotting a demand schedule, there are various considerations that should be factored. The First factor is the pricing of the moonshine club. The second consideration is the demand for the services of the moonshine club. When the price of the club is at 10, there would be a possible zero attendance. However, when the price of the club is at 0, the attenda nce is in all probability to be at 20. The elasticity of the moonshine club is unembellished in their pricing. The highest pricing is denoted at 10, which brings a zero attendance. However, when the club decides to reduce its pricing to zero, the attendance will be full at 20. To make a better reflection on the elast5city of the club in pricing, there is need to focus on the equilibrium point. The equilibrium point is where the lines intercept. This is when the price is at ? 6, and the attendance will be denoted at 8. In part B, there are several considerations that could be used to make the favourable changes in the pricing and demand for the services of moonshine club. In the first instance, when a backup club initiates a decrease of the pricing from ? 5 to ? 4.50, there are possible changes that could be discovered. Since moonshine is charging ? 6.50. With two visits to moonshine club, the customer will be spending ? 13.00. However, going to the substitute charging ? 4.50 will be favorable as the customer would make three visits which will be charged a ? 13.50. ? 5.00 ? 4.50 2 3 In this graph, it is evident that a person would prefer three visits to a substitute club, than spend the equivalent on two visits top moonshine club. In the second scenario, there is a change in the annual income which is a 10 percent increase. With such an increase, there is a possible increase in the

MOD 3 CA ACC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MOD 3 CA ACC - Essay ExampleThe Chief Financial officeholder of the company, Lester Ledger, feels that the product lacks the aesthetic appeal and suggests repackaging them in designer bottles. This bequeath increase the variable cost per unit by $ 4.75 and the fixed production costs will increase by $ 40,000 per year. He predicts that the sales volume will increase by 32 % (264,000 units). However, the increase in sales does not outdo the increase costs and the company will incur a loss of $ 1.334 million (as shown in Appendix 2).According to the Production Manager, Buster Bumble, the reduction in the sample size of the bottle by 10 % would drop the variable costs by $ 2.65 (amounts to $ 13.35 per unit). However, due to the reduced size, the sales will drop to $ 195,500 units. Though the persona margin is considerably increased, the company even-tempered incurs a loss of $ 549,425 (as shown in Appendix 3).The marketing manager suggests that the product requires more promotion a nd an increase of marketing budget by $ 527,000 will be appropriate. This, combined with a price increase by $4.90 per unit will increase the sales volume by 17 % (234,000 units). The component margin is considerably increased as both the sales volume and the unit prices are higher than before. The increase in the contribution margin is significantly higher than that of the fixed costs and hence results in a profit of $ 129,600 (Appendix 4).It is evident from the above analysis that the first three proposals still result in a heavy loss for The Lovely Scent Perfume Company. The proposal made by the marketing manager indicates an estimated profit of $ 129,600. therefrom it is recommended that the company should increase the marketing budget (by $ 527,000) and also increase the price by $ 4.90 per

Using Structure,Outcome, and Process in Evaluating Quality Medical Care Essay Example for Free

Using Structure,Outcome, and Process in Evaluating Quality medical examination C be Essay lift Structure, process, and outcome are the common indicators utilisationd in evaluating the quality of medical examination supervise. This paper will delve on the meaning of structure, process, and outcome indicators as they mend to the assessment of quality medical care.Using Structure,Outcome, and Process in Evaluating Quality Medical Care Healthcare personnel and medical facilities are constantly demanded to proffer a report about the outcome of their admission of treatment. Governments get in touch with hospitals to provide an accounting of their results so that they could come up with new health care structure, as well as to serve as a back-up for the establishment of new regulations in medical systems. Insurance companies show greater touch in the outcome of medical treatments in order that they can deliver cost-effective care and benchmarking (Van der Ent, 6-7).Providing qu ality assessment of medical care is important because pecuniary departments of health care providers usually it helps them come up with an affordable price in terms of medical care. Newspapers and magazines usually compare the performance of hospitals as removed as the safety and satisfaction of their patients are concerned. For patients, they have the right to be informed about which facility or doctor provides quality medical care (Van der Ent, 6-7).At present, there are various systems in place used in assessing the quality of medical care. In the United Kingdom, for example, the salary of general practitioners are based on how they performed in the Quality and Outcomes Framework 1. In order to be successful, the hospital or medical facility should establish a tick off of indicators (Van der Ent, 6-7).Structure, Process, and Outcome As Indicators Of Quality Medical Care The structure of the medical care serves as the background in the delivery of medical care to the patient. I n administering cystic fibrosis, does the delivery of quality medical care involve new(prenominal) practitioners such as a pulmonist, physiotherapist, dietician, and social worker? (Van der Ent, 6-7) Process indicators, on the other hand, has something to do with how medical care is organized. This means that every procedure requires protocols and guidelines. For example, what is the usual protocol in measuring lung function? How are patients infected by staph aureus segregated from other patients? (Van der Ent, 6-7) Outcome indicators, meanwhile, is concerned with the result of medical care. It has something to do with statistics such as mortality rate, percentage of complications, number of patients who recover, and so on. The outcome of medical care usually helps in the determining whether care is insufficient as well as in pointing out the reason for the failure of medical care. In most healthcare systems, the basic requirement are the structure and process indicator instead o f the outcome(Van der Ent, 6-7).The Advantage of Using Outcome In Assessing Quality Medical Care The outcome of medical care is most often used as the indicator of quality health care. Its reliability as a epitope of quality care cannot be doubted. Aside from that, it more or less provides an accurate assessment of medical care (Donabien, 691-729). However, there are some factors that limits the use of outcomes as an indicator of quality medical care. One of these factors is whether or not the outcome is indeed the relevant indicator. There are instances when outcomes becomes irrelevant especially in cases when the survival of the patient will not be critical but will cause them to be paralyzed or bring about dependable complications (Donabien, 691-729).ReferencesC.K. van der Ent(2008). Quality Assessment Is The Truth in the Outcome? European Respiratory Journal, 31, 6-7Donabien, A(2005). Evaluating The Quality of Medical Care. The Milbank Quarterly, 83, 691 729

The Father Essay Essay Example for Free

The Father Essay EssayA man is shaped by the people in his environment. In The Father by Hugh Garner, toilette Purcell, the father, is not impaired, the whole family is. He attempts to fit in but he is stopped, not lone(prenominal) by his son, but by also the rest of his dysfunctional family.John attempts to be integrate into his family, but on several occasions is obstructed by his son. John attempts to start conversations with freedom fighter, but is ignored and soon stops these futile attempts. In addition, when he tries to watch his son play, his son bluntly ignores him. As well, John enthusiastically greets his son on the street only to have a wave in return. John even goes to a Boy Scout dinner in hopes of repairing the damage in the relationship amidst him and his son nevertheless, his son continues to embarrass him. As you can see, the father is actually trying to become a handy member of his family, however, his family is actually hindering him from accomplishing his goal.The main person responsible for blocking John from becoming purposeful is his own son Johnny. Johnny doesnt communion with his dad, therefore, making him feel isolated from his son since he knows nothing about him. Whenever Johnnys dad tries to become functional with Johnny, Johnny makes his dad feel stupid for trying. any(prenominal) more specific examples of this is when dad saw Johnny on the street, Johnny barely managed a wave. Also, when his dad went to see his son play games in the schoolyard, Johnny bluntly ignored his dad. Johnny is the main reason that John is not succeeding in becoming useful. However, the other members of the family also help Johnny in his evil deeds.Johnny is accountable for most of the blockage against his father however, he also receives help from his family. To maintain as little as communication between Johnny and his father, Johnny gets his mom to talk the father for him. Johnny told his mother to give the dad the invitation to the Boy Sc out dinner. Furthermore, the family reprimands John by telling him to be nice to Johnny, making it seem as if the distance between him and his son is his entire fault. As you can see, the whole family participates to forbidJohn Purcell from becoming a functional member of the family.As you have just read, a man is shaped by the people in his environment. It is not John Purcells fault that he is dysfunctional it is the familys fault that he is dysfunctional. John is trying to become a functional member, however, his dysfunctional family refuses to cooperate with him. With this evidence, you would come to the conclusion that it is not that John Purcell is dysfunctional its the whole family that is dysfunctional.

Information Systems and Organization Essay Example for Free

study Systems and Organization EssayThis paper, and the special love, character relationships amid selective schooling systems and changes in the organization of modern enterprise, both within and across firms. The uphill organisational paradigm involves complementary changes in multiple dimensions. The revolution in teaching systems merits special attention as both cause and effect of the organisational shiftation. This scum bag be illustrated by guideing two hear variables the location of schooling and the location of stopping point rights in organizations. Depending on the costs of information transmission and process, either the MIS solution of budgering information, or the organizational redesign solution of moving close rights, sack up be an effective prelude toward achieving the necessary collocation of information and end rights. When information systems change radically, wholeness cannot expect the optimum organizational coordinate to be unaffecte d. Considering the interplay among information, incentives and purpose rights in a unified fashion leads to refreshful insights and a better organizational planning. The papers in the special issue address different facets of this interaction. Despite significant progress, our understanding of the economic role of information systems in organizations remains in its infancy. We conclude that successful design of modern enterprise will require further narrowingof the historic gap between research in information systems and research in economics.The organization of work is in the midst of transformation. In many industries, mass resultion by large, vertically-integrated, hierarchically-organized firms is giving way to much(prenominal) flexible forms of both internal organization and industrial social system. organize is progressively accomplished through electronic networks of smaller, more focused enterprises. The resulting structure of loosely coupled sub-organizations blur s the boundaries of both firms and industries.A canonical case in point is the electronic figurer industry. In the past, the industry was dominated by large, vertically-integrated firms such as IBM and Digital Equipment which created products and services throughout the value chain from the microprocessor level all the way up to the provision of solutions. The vertical structure is now being replaced by a series of layers, each of which is, in effect, a separate industry. Value is generated by dynamical coalitions, where each member of a coalition specializes in its ara of core competence and leverages it through the use of tactical or strategic leagues. Internally, team structures be replacing the conventional hierarchical form, and the Silicon Valley model of internal organization is emerging as a exit winner.3 Internal incentives ar increasingly based on performance, and this further blurs the differences between inter- and intra-firm resolves. In sum, modern enterprise is undergoing major(ip) restructuring.In this short paper we briefly discuss the newly emerging organizational paradigms and their relationship to the prevailing trends in information technology (IT). We argue that IT is an crucial driver of this transformation. Finally, we place the studies selected for this special issue of the Journal of Organizational reckoning within this context.1. Emerging Organizational Paradigms Symptoms and CausesAt the turn of the century, Frederick Taylor sought to put the nascent wisdomfor successful business organization on a scientific basis. His work guided a generation of restrainrs towards success in meshing their organizations with the technologies, markets, labor and general environment of the era. By the 1920s, Henry Ford had applied the Taylorist approach with a vengeance and soon dominated the automobile market, driving dozens of competitors under. Ironically, these same principles are almost diametrically opposed to the prevailing wisdom of the 1990s. For example, consider the fol lowlying guide overseas telegram from The Science of anxiety 1It is necessary in any activity to have a complete knowledge of what is to be done and to elevate instructions the laborer has bidd to follow instructions. He need not stop to think.The flow rate emphasis on empowerment, learning organizations, and nonetheless thriving on chaos stands in sharp contrast to Meyers advice (cf. 2 , 3 ). Similar contrast can be found with many, if not most, of the opposite principles that lead to success even as late as the 1960s. Consider, for example, the growing calls for downsizing (vs. economies of scale), focus (vs. conglomerates), total quality (vs. cost leadership), project teams (vs. functional departments), supplier partnerships (vs. maximizing bargaining power), networked organization (vs. clear firm boundaries) performance-based pay (vs. fixed pay), and local autonomy (vs. rigid hierarchy).Milgrom and Roberts 4 suck in the point that the different characteristics of modern manufacturing, an important example of the emerging organizational paradigm, are often highly complementary. This complementarity, coupled with the natural tendency to change organizational attributes one at a time, makes the transition from one paradigm to another peculiarly difficult. Strong complementarity implies that in order to be successful, change must be implemented simultaneously a commodious a number of related dimensions. Organizations that adopt only if one or two key components of the new organizational paradigm may fail simply by virtue of this complementarity.For instance, Jaikumars 5 study of 95 US and Japanese companies found that the majority of US companies had failed to achieve productivityincreases despite switching to flexible manufacturing technology. The reason was that they had preserved dozens of manufacturing practices such as long production runs and high work-in-process inventory levels, which complemented the old technology but kept the new technology from fulfilling its potential. Thus, the transition from the old structure to the new one is overwhelmingly complex. The switch would be easier if we apply design guided by theory instead of piecemeal evolution.There are many possible explanations for the change in the prevailing wisdom regarding organizational design. For instance, it is common to justify calls for radical change with reference to heightened competitive pressures although firms that applied the old principles were among the most successful competitors of their day, presumably the temperament of competition has changed in some way. Others suggest that consumer tastes have changed, making customized items more appealing than they once were. While historians would argue that the taste for mass marketed items was itself something that had to be true in the early days of mass production, increased wealth or social stratification may make this more difficult today. It can too be argued that some of the new principles were as applicable fifty years ago as they are today, but that they simply had not yet been discovered.Although the enablers of the current organizational transformation are undoubtedly numerous and far from mutually independent, we would like to single one out for special attention the rise in IT. Brynjolfsson 6, p.6 argues that IT is an appropriate candidate for explaining these changes for three reasonsFirst, compared to other explanations, the advances in information technology have a particularly reasonable claim to being both novel and exogenous. Many of the fundamental technological breakthroughs that enable todays vast information infrastructure were made little than a generation ago and were driven more by progress in physics and engineering than business demand. Second, the growth in information technology investment is of a large enough magnitude to be economically significant the result has been what is commonly referred to as the information explosion Third, there is asound basis for expecting an association between the costs of technologies that manage information and the organization of economic activity. The firm and the market have each been frequently modeled as primarily information processing institutions (see Galbraith 7 and Hayek 8 , respectively).Miller 9 foresaw the key features of the new paradigm as a natural outcome of the information era and the associated economy of choiceThe new technologies will allow managers to handle more functions and widen their span of control. Fewer levels of management hierarchy will be required, enabling companies to flatten the pyramid of todays management structure. The new information technologies allow decentalisation of purpose-making without loss of management awareness thus employees at all levels can be encouraged to be more creative and intrapreneurial. The key responsibility of the chief operating officer will be leadership to capture the ligh t or energies of the organization like a lens and focus them on the key strategic objectives.The new organizational paradigm is indeed intertwined with the structure of an organizations information systems. Under the old paradigm, the firm was governed by a relatively rigid functional structure. This separation into hard-hitting and well-defined organizational units economizes on the information and talks requirements across functional units and reduces cost and complexity. There is a tradeoff, however the old structure is less flexible, less responsive and ultimately results in lower quality. In our view, the growing use of IT and the trend towards networking and client-server calculate are both a cause and an effect of the organizational transition.Lowering the costs of horizontal communications, facilitating teamwork, enabling flexible manufacturing and providing information support for time management and quality control are key enablers on the release side. It is equally clear that the new organizational paradigm demands new information systems nothing can be more devastating for cross-functional teamwork than a rigid information system that inhibits cross-functional information flows. We can unify these perspectives by noting that the structure of the organizations information system is a key element oforganizational transformation. Changes in IT change the spirit of organizations just as changes in organizational structure drive the development of new technologies.2. Information Systems, Economics and Organizational StructureJensen and Meckling 10 provide a recyclable framework for studying the complementarities between information systems, incentive structures and decision rights in organizations. In their framework, the structure of an organization is specified by three key elements (i) The assignation of decision rights (i.e., who is responsible for what actions/decisions) (ii) the incentive system, which defines how decision makers are to b e rewarded (or penalized) for the decisions they make and (iii) a monitoring and measurement scheme used to evaluate these actions and their outcomes.According to Jensen and Meckling, informational variables are key to the structure of organizations because the quality of decisions is determined by the quality of information available to the decision maker. The co-location of information and decision rights enables the decision maker to make optimal decisions. The implementation of this co-location depends on the nature of the apposite information. Jensen and Meckling distinguish between specific knowledge which is localized, difficult to represent and transfer, and depends on idiosyncratic circumstances, and general knowledge which can be easily summarized, communicated and shared by decision makers. nary(prenominal), there are two ways to bring information and decision rights together (i) The MIS solution transfer the information required for the decision to the decision maker, u sing the organizations (possibly non-automated) information systems or (ii) the organizational redesign solution redesign the organizational structure so that the decision making function is where the pertinent information is. By definition, general knowledge which is useful for a decision calls for the MIS solution because it can be transferred at low cost. In contrast, when specific knowledge plays a key role in a decision, the scoop out solution calls for restructuring decisionrights so as to provide the decision authority to the one who possesses or has access to the pertinent information (since the transfer of specific knowledge is too costly).4Jensen and Meckling thus represent the structure of organizations as an good response to the structure of their information costs. But then, a change in information costs must induce a change in organizational structure. In particular, IT has changed the costs of processing and transferring certain types of information (e.g. quantitat ive data), but has done little for other types (e.g. implicit knowledge or skills). IT changes the structure of organizations by facilitating certain information flows as well as by turning knowledge that used to be specific into general knowledge. By developing a taxonomy of information types and identifying the differential impacts of new technologies on their transferability and importance, we can relegate a significant step towards applying the simple insight that information and authority should be co-located 11 .Intra-organizational networks and workgroup computing facilities reduce the information costs of teamwork and hence make it a more efficient solution to the organizational design problem. Client-server computing technology lowers cross-functional (as well as geographic) barriers. IT (when applied properly) streamlines the types of information that used to be the raison detre of middle management quantitative control information and turns it into general knowledge th at can be readily genetic to, and processed by, people other than those who originally gathered the data. A reduction in the number of management layers and the thinning out of middle management ranks is the predictable result.Similar considerations apply to enterprises that cross firm boundaries. As a simple example, consider the organization of trading activities 12, 13, 14 . Traditionally, trading took place on the floor of an exchange, which was the venue of numerous pieces of specific knowledge, ranging from the hand signals indicating bids and offers to buy and sell a security to traders facial expressions and the atmosphere on the floor of the exchange. Under that structure, much of the information pertinent to trading is specific andlocalized to the floor. Thus, when an investor instructs her broker to sell 1,000 shares of a given stock, the broker transmits the order to the floor of the exchange and only the floor broker attempts to provide best execution.The decision rig hts (here, for the trading decisions) are naturally delegated to the decision maker who has the pertinent specific knowledge, and since that knowledge resides on the floor of the exchange, the floor broker is best suited to have the decision rights. Technology, and in particular screen-based systems, turns much of the specific knowledge on the floor (i.e., bids and offers) into general knowledge. This shifts decision rights up from the floor to the brokers screens. The infallible result is the decline of the trading floor and the increased importance of brokers trading rooms. The demise of the trading floor in exchanges that turned to screen-based trading (such as capital of the United Kingdom and Paris) is a natural outcome of the shift in the locus of knowledge. More generally, markets in particular, electronic markets transform specific knowledge into general knowledge 15 .Ironically, even as IT has sped up many links of the information processing chain and vastly increased the amount of information available to any one decision-maker, it has in like manner led to the phenomenon of information overload. This can perhaps best be understood by a generalization of the Jensen and Meckling framework to include finite human information processing capacity. As more information moves from the specific category to the general category, the limiting factor becomes not what information is available but rather a matter of finding the human information processing capacity needed to attend to and process the information.Computers appear to have exacerbated the surfeit of information relative to processing capacity, perhaps because the greatest advances have occurred in the processing and storage of structured data, which is generally a complement, not a substitute, for human information processing. As computer and communications components increase their speed, the human bottleneck in the information processing chain becomes ever more apparent.Information overload, wh en interpreted in light of this framework, can provide an explanation for the increased autonomy and pay-for-performancethat characterize a number of descriptions of the new managerial work (cf. 6 ). Economizing on information costs means that more decision rights are delegated to line managers who possess the idiosyncratic, specific knowledge necessary to accomplish their tasks. Shifting responsibility from the overburdened top of the hierarchy to line personnel not only reduces the information processing load at the top of the hierarchy, but also cuts down unnecessary communications up and down the hierarchy.This blurs the traditional distinction between conceptualization and execution and broadens the scope of decision rights delegated to lower level managers. By the Jensen-Meckling 10 framework, any such shift in decision authority (and in the associated routing of information) must also be attended by a change in the structure of incentives. Disseminating information more broa dly is ever easier with IT, allowing line workers to take into account information that goes well beyond the formerly-narrow definitions of their job.Meanwhile, providing the right incentives for the newly empowered work force is an equally crucial element of the current reorganisation of work. Agency theory predicts that performance-based pay is necessary when decision rights are decentralized (otherwise, the agents may be induced to act in ways that are contrary with overall organizational goals). It therefore follows that incentive-based compensation is appropriate for better-informed workers 16.5 Thus, the confluence of better-informed workers, an empowered workforce and more incentive-based pay is consistent with our thesis that IT is a key driver of the new organizational paradigm.Furthermore, the theory of incomplete contracts suggests that the analysis can be extended to include interorganizational changes such as increased reliance on outsourcing and networks of other fir ms for key components 17 . Here again the shift can be explained in incentive terms one ultimate incentive is ownership, so entrepreneurs are in all probability to be more innovative and aggressive than the same individuals working as division managers. Both within and across organizations, then, changes in information systems are accompanied by changes in incentives and in the organization of work.3. The Special IssueThe papers in this special issue attest to the role of information systems in the structure of modern enterprise and the blurring of the differences between inter- and intra-firm transactions. Starting from the firms level, Barrons paper studies how a firm determines its internal organization and how IT affects this determination. Barron considers a traditional firm, with well-defined boundaries that are endogenously determined by considering flexibility and scope of control. Ching, Holsapple and Whinston broaden the scope of the enterprise to the network organization a construct obtained by tying together a number of firms that sustain through a well-defined communication mechanism.Specifically, they use a play protocol to manage the relationship between suppliers and producers. Beath and Ang examine another form of inter-firm cooperation, the relative contract, in the context of package-development outsourcing. They show how relational contracts embody a relationship that can be characterized as a network consisting of two organizations. Whang studies a more subtle form of networking information sharing between vendees and suppliers. Bakos and Brynjolfsson examine the impact of incentives and information costs on the nature of buyer-supplier relationships. They show that committing to a partnership with a small number of suppliers can be an optimal strategy for a buyer because it will maximize the suppliers incentives for non-contractible investments such as information sharing, inception or quality.The papers thus present a spectrum ra nging from a study of the boundaries of the traditional firm through different forms of networking to explicit buyer-supplier relationships. A common stand is the organization of work so as to reduce overall information costs not only within an organization but across them as well. The surviving enterprise is often (though not always) the one that attempts to reduce information costs while capitalizing on the comparative advantage of the participating organizations. This calls for opportunistic cooperation that benefits the members of the network for as long as they cooperate.IT reduces the costs of such cooperation byfacilitating communication and increasing the flexibility of the participating organizations. Using the Jensen-Meckling terminology, different network participants can make more effective use of their specific knowledge when the costs of transferring and processing general knowledge are reduced. Further, technology enables the development of markets that, by their ver y nature, transform specific knowledge into general knowledge. Thus, the bidding and communications protocols proposed by Ching, Holsapple and Whinston in their paper Modeling Network Organizations effectively transform the specific knowledge inwrought in the production technology of the competing suppliers into general knowledge that encompasses not only prices but also their reputations. From this perspective, IT is key to the development of network organizations.In his paper Impacts of Information Technology on Organizational Size and Shape Control and Flexibility Effects, Barron builds a stylized quantitative model to study the impact of IT on the structure of organizations. Examining flexibility and scope of control, he identifies sixteen different cases with different patterns of the actual causality between IT and firm structure. Barron shows that simplistic statements regarding the impact of IT are not as straightforward as one might imagine due to the interaction of size, scope and flexibility. His results suggest that the impact of IT is rather complex, and that further specification is necessary previous to making predictions on the impact of IT on organizational size or shape.Hierarchical Elements in Software Contracts by Beath and Ang focuses on the contractual structure of outsourced software development. This is an interesting example of the new organizational paradigm because of the key role of information systems in any organization. Effective software development hinges on cooperation, communication and joint management which are at the heart of the new organizational paradigm. Beath and Ang examine the mechanisms used to govern outsourcing projects as specified in their outsourcing contracts.They suggest that the relational contract, which converts an arms-length transaction into a joint project with governance and resolution procedures that resemble those used by firms internally, is aneffective way to accomplish this. Thus, while Ching, H olsapple and Whinston view bidding and explicit reputation formation as the alphabet of the network organization, Beath and Ang view actual contract clauses as the key linguistic constructs. The paper shows how the structure of the contract is driven by the attributes of the project as well as those of the parties to the transaction.In Analysis of Economic Incentives for Inter-Organizational Information Sharing, Whang addresses the question of information sharing in non-cooperative buyer-supplier settings. Whang studies this question for two different models. He first shows that due to adverse incentives, suppliers will not be willing to share information regarding their costs. The detail is different when the information to be conveyed is regarding the expected delay or lead time. Whang shows that suppliers are better off disclosing lead-time information to buyers (when the demand curve for their product is convex). This result is consistent with our general thesis, whereas the fo rmer one introduces a note of caution adverse incentives pose limits to the scope of information sharing among network organizations.In From Vendors to Partners Information Technology and Incomplete Contracts in Buyer-Supplier Relationships, Bakos and Brynjolfsson start with the assumption that, in many cases, complete information exchange between two firms will be infeasible, so any contract between them will be incomplete in the sense that some contingencies will remain unspecified. They then explore how the interplay of IT and organizational structure can affect the role of non-contractible investments, such as innovation, quality and the exchange of information.For example, Bakos and Brynjolfsson show that when fewer suppliers are employed, they collectively capture a large share of the benefits of the relationship, and this will increase their incentives to make non-contractible investments. As a result, even when search costs are very low, it may be desirable for the buyer to limit the number of employed suppliers, leading to a partnership-type of relationship, rather than aggressively bargaining for all the benefits by threatening to switch among numerous alternative suppliers. the likes of Whang, they show that the incentive effects of the applications of IT must be explicitly considered in any modelof their effect on inter-organizational cooperation.4. ConclusionIn this paper, we have stress the joint determination of the location of information and decision rights. The default mechanism used to achieve this co-location depends on ones point of reference. Information Systems researchers are likely to take the locus of decision authority for granted. They will typically focus their attention on devising schemes that will efficiently organize, retrieve, sort, filter, transmit and display information for designated decision makers.In contrast, the economist is likely to focus on the allocation of decision rights and the concomitant effect on incentives .6 As we discussed in Section 2, transferring information and transferring decision authority are two sides of the same question. Because economics and information systems research evolved to address different problems, this complementarity long went unnoticed.Each of the papers in the special issue addresses a different aspect of the interplay among information, incentives and the structure of economic enterprise. In every case, insights resulted when both information and incentives were explicitly considered. Each paper contributes an additional piece to an emerging mosaic that describes not only the features of the new organization, but also gives some insight into their theoretical underpinnings.The papers in this special issue also cotton up the incomplete state of knowledge in the subject area and the dearth of empirical guidance to the formulation and testing of theoretical research. We started this paper with a news of the computer industry as the canonical example of the new paradigm as exercised in Silicon Valley, and continued by arguing that its products actually arouse the shift to this paradigm. It is only appropriate to close the loop by examining the dictum of that paradigm as it applies to the inner workings of firms in the computer industry. A major effort along these lines in being undertaken by one of the authors and his colleagues in Stanford Universitys Computer Industry Project.Understanding these changes so that they can be harnessed for fur-bearing ends remains a central challenge for the next decade of research. The rapid progress in designing computers and communications systems contrasts starkly with the uncertainty clouding organizational design. Yet, new ways of organizing will be necessary before the potential of IT can be realized.Furthermore, because the new organizational paradigms involve numerous complementarities, the trial-and-error methods which were important in the rise of the organizational forms of the past centur y, such as large hierarchies and mass markets, may be unsuited for making the next transition. Understanding and implementing one aspect of a new organizational structure without regard to its interaction with other aspects can leave the make the organization worse off than if no modifications at all were made. Design, rather than evolution, is called for when significant changes must be made along multiple dimensions simultaneously.Successful organizational design, in turn, requires that we understand the flow of information among humans and their agents every bit as well as we understand the flow of electrons in chips and wires. Perhaps, then, the revolution in information processing capabilities not only calls for a change in business organization, but also a re-evaluation of the historic separation between Information Systems and Economics.REFERENCES1 Meyers, G. The Science of Management. In C. B. Thompson (Eds.), Scientific Management Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1914.2 Kanter, R. M. The New Managerial Work. Harvard furrow Review, Nov-Dec, 1989, pp. 85-92.3 Peters, T. Thriving on Chaos, Handbook for a Management Revolution. New York Knopf, 1988.4 Milgrom, P. and Roberts, J. The Economics of Modern Manufacturing Technology, Strategy, and Organization. American Economic Review, Vol. 80, No. 3, 1990.5 Jaikumar, R. Post-Industrial Manufacturing. Harvard Business Review, November-December, 1986, pp. 69-76.6 Brynjolfsson, E. Information Technology and the New Managerial Work. Working Paper 3563-93. MIT, 1990.7 Galbraith, J. Organizational Design. Reading, MA Addison-Wesley, 1977.8 Hayek, F. A. The Use of Knowledge in Society. American Economic Review, Vol. 35, No. 4, 1945.9 Miller, W. F. The preservation of Choice. In Strategy, Technology and American Industry HBS Press, 1987.10 Jensen, M. and Meckling, W. Knowledge, Control and Organizational Structure Parts I and II. In Lars, Werin and Hijkander (Eds.), Contract Economics (pp.251-274). Cambridge, MA Basil Blackwell, 1992.11 Mendelson, H. On Centralization and Decentralization. Stanford, forthcoming, 1993.12 Amihud, Y. and Mendelson, H. An Integrated Computerized Trading System. In Market Making and the Changing Structure of the Securities Industry (pp. 217-235). Lexington Heath, 1985.13 Amihud, Y. and Mendelson, H. (1989). The Effects of Computer-Based Trading on Volatility and Liquidity. In H. C. Lucas younger and R. A. Schwartz (Eds.), The Challenge of Information Technology for the Securities Markets. (pp. 59-85). Dow Jones-Irwin.14 Amihud, Y. and Mendelson, H. Liquidity, Volatility and Exchange Automation. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, Vol. 3, Fall, 1988, pp. 369-395.15 Malone, T. W., Yates, J. and Benjamin, R. I. Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 30, No. 6, 1987, pp. 484-497.16 Baker, G. P. Incentive Contracts and Performance Measurement. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 100, No. 3, June, 1992.17 Brynjolfsson, E. An Incomplete Contracts Theory of Information, Technology, and Organization. Management Science, forthcoming, 1993.